You Only Know What You Think About

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Human beings possess an innate nature at some point in their life to label and add meaning to what it is they experience, an idea that the late German philosopher expounded upon, Arthur Schopenhauer (Schopenhauer, 1970, p. 96), in which his basic philosphy is that we live in two worlds, the one in which we experience and feel and the world between our ears or the life we think about (Schopenhauer, 1970, p. 13). How can a person write something like a literary work that conveys a philosophical message about life, which is what made Schopenhauer's genius what it is? Context is everything.

With the help of R. J. Hollingdale, he draws attention to in his 1970 edited works of Essays and Aphorisms by that great pessimistic thinker. Schopenhauer lived just over seven decades, hailed from Germany, and fled during Napoleon's siege of the great empire in 1813, dodged the cholera, dealt with the death of a suicidal father, had a poor relationship with his mother, and was even sued for beating up a woman, despite being of a high intellectual mind (Schopenhauer, 1970). Although his influence is attributed to the works of Kant and Plato (Schopenhauer, 1970, p. 239), he likely did not express his thoughts in a manner that would be remembered as a form of artistic value; instead, he wrote about his thoughts and experiences in life.

Although a well-educated individual, he was penning his thoughts and dealing with his situations and circumstances as if he were also struggling with pessimistic dysthymia. In Schopenhauer's world, there was a struggle that is distant and unrealatable to readers of today with all of our advances in science, medicine and mental health, still any reader, rather and person can identify with Schopenhauer in as much as the following statement is true, that "What makes men hard-hearted is that everyone has sufficient troubles of his own to bear, or thinks he has" (Schopenhauer, 1970, p. 170).

References:

Schopenhauer, A. (1970). Essays and aphorisms (R. J. Hollingdale, Ed. & Trans.). Penguin Books.

A Jade Horse

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Can anyone think of a person who embodies a good balance in their disposition who can hear the "groans of the serious and the laughter of the lighthearted" (Sterne, 1952, p. 200)? Laurence Sterne describes a parson, a fictional character perhaps reflecting Sterne himself, in his tale Tristram Shandy; the fabricated character's name is Yorick. Yorick sounds like a good guy with a lighthearted spirit, contemplative and inclined to philosophical ideas, or the "de vanitate mundi et fuga saeculi" (Sterne, 1952, p. 200). The Google Translate from Latin to English defines it: on the vanity of the world and the flight of the age.

Laurence Sterne's allegory depicts a wise character, Eugenius, as Yorick's good and wise friend because, according to the tale, Yorick was somewhat of a person who held "not one ounce of ballast" (Sterne, 1952, p. 204). At the end of it all, such is life, a tragedy swallows up the flippant Yorick. Eugenius explains that, as a general rule of thumb, when everything is taken into account, an avenging pitiful accuser whose name is Malice will hire her servants, Cruelty, and Cowardice to assess the worth of Yorick's life.

In an imaginative line of prose, those miscreants ultimately follow secretly behind Yorick, to tear down his faith, his material possessions notwithstanding, his character injured and phlebotomized, his good works toward men discarded and consigned to oblivion. In addition, Yorick's knowledge and learning are hammered to wind-blown dust, becoming a vapor.

Eugenius gives notice to Yorick that Cruelty and Cowardice will grab at him despite his infirmities, and lest he think that by gratifying his private appetites, he will never be able to escape and will have to pay the price that no amount of "innocence of heart or integrity of conduct shall set it right" (Sterne, 1952, p. 206). Sterne uses vivid description as the axe at the root of the tree to be felled, so the man, appearances of being noble, worthy, and showy, will ultimately fall.

Parallels of caution are laden with spiritual insight from the 17th-century narrator in the open chapters of the creative writing. Sterne's knowledge of the existence of a higher power —God — bleeds through the pages into the reader's mind. Stern suggests to the reader, through the earmarking of his literary approach, that the existence of God and the acknowledgment of our weaknesses and infirmities lead us to hold a small estimation of ourselves. One way this is descriptively detailed is Sterne's knowledge of equestrian skills and horse veterinary health. 

As depicted in Yoricks life, a horse owner who was inclined to ride sickly, broken-down horses not fit for riding or working that such as Yorick could sit upon such a horse to contemplate life, build sermons for his parish becuase of the slowness of such a tired out horse whom are "clapped, or spavined, or greased" (Sterne, 1952, p. 201). Sterne makes interconnections, relationships, and associations of "broken-winded" (Sterne, 1952, p. 201) horses, and the analogy common to man at the end of his time will be like these worn-out steeds ultimately.

It is plain to see, yes, even agreed upon, contemplatively, that man has become acquainted with many temptations. He may never fully escape the battle against unbelief and sin, as Plummer says, because the war may very well be a never-ending, painful one for the disciple (Plummer, 1979, p. 368).

References:

Plummer, W. S. (1979). Romans VIII. In Commentary on Romans. Kregel Publications.

Sterne, L. (1952). The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy. In R. M. Hutchins (Ed.), The great books of the Western world (Vol. 36, pp. 191–529). Encyclopedia Britannica. 

Are we connoisseurs of comfort?

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We should pay attention to academics who seek to understand the nature of resilience and well-being. The psychology professor Joel Owen is one such academic who tests the waters of man's happiness. Is the goal in life always to achieve a good result, an excellent outcome, or a favorable outcome in our experiences? In each situation, circumstance, or life event that is experienced, is there more to life than seeking happiness? Is there something more about the development of a person's character (Owen, 2023)? These inquiries are not new.

The ancient Stoics, who advanced similar lines of thought, are reflective of contemporary psychologists. Epictetus asks a similar question about the means to happiness. If life becomes imbalanced and disorganized, with much fear and distress, and if the things we desire or want go unmet, or if we try to avoid situations and circumstances that are irritating or compromise our comfort even in relationships that are ingenious or pretentious, how can anyone obtain happiness (Hutchins, 1952, p. 198). The sentiments from the point of view of Epictetus, whose spirit and attitude were that a man should mold his character and personality, apply today (Edwards, 1967, p. 1). Does resilience even exist today? Epictetus's statement may shape how we rethink and change our tune about becoming participants in the game of life.

Let's take to heart the analogy of an Olympian. The philosopher says, "You are going, my man, to be enrolled as a combatant in the Olympic games, no frigid and miserable contest" (Hutchins, 1952, p. 197). As Owen (2023) notes, the Stoics and today's psychologists help us draw parallels to the ebb and flow of life, where reappraising thoughts about tough situations and struggles is seen as a challenge to overcome rather than something that will hurt us and help us grow from it. Owen (2023) identifies four elements of action that can help us build resilience, including becoming a student of ancient philosophical ideas and thoughts as an adjunct to daily life, applying these principles, surrounding ourselves with like-minded thinkers, and habitually engaging in self-reflection.

References:

Edwards, P. (1967). Epictetus. In The encyclopedia of philosophy (Vol. 3, p. 1-2). essay, Macmillan Company & the Free Press.

Hutchins, R. M. (1952). The Discourses of Epictetus. In Great Books of the Western World (Vol. 12, pp. 105–252). Encyclopedia Britannica.

Owen, J. (2023). Psychological resilience: Connecting contemporary psychology to ancient practical philosophy. Theory & Psychology, 33(3), 366–385. https://doi.org/10.1177/09593543231153820

Hope is a Habit of the Mind

 

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"So Methuselah's life lasted 969 years; then he died" (The Holy Bible, New International Version, 1999, Genesis 5:27). Aging is a fact of life, and human beings have two choices when it comes to maintaining our existence: we can either become immortal like the gods of ancient myth or we reproduce (de Cabo & Le Couteur, 2018). Along with getting older is physical decline, and in the acute care setting, patients admitted to the hospital who are advanced in years or at least older than sixty-five years old are at an increased risk for falling and suffering an injury such as a broken hip or worse head injury (Baker & Sudarsky, 2018). Additionally, and probably most importantly associated with aging is mental decline that can present in later years as dementia, and the often overlooked personality changes, or otherwise known as affective disorders, with aging that are common are feelings of anxiety and depression (Ouslander & Reyes, 2018). Although none of us can turn back the clock and there is no fountain of youth, we can, however, use grit to help us maintain our physical and mental health, as an aspect of resilience and keeping hope, which Thomas Aquinas reminds us is a habit of the mind (Aquinas, 1952, p. 457).

In his book Resilient, teacher and author Rick Hanson illustrates the idea of grit — being determined, resolved, and resolute despite setbacks. Furthermore, the resident academic at UC Berkley, a professor of psychology, pointedly discusses the idea of agency or autonomy, namely that individuals can make an effort to effect change and not surrender to helplessness (Hanson & Hanson, 2018). Other scholars have described this as well, noting that individuals who can identify with a purpose in life and draw on personal autonomy can bring grit to the forefront as a buffer against old age and declining mental health (Ryff & Keyes, 1995). In ways that autonomy can buffer symptoms of anxiety and depression, adults can remember to be self-guiding and practice independence where applicable.

References:

Aquinas, T. (1952). Treatise on faith, hope, and charity. In R. M. Hutchins (Ed.), Great books of the Western world (Vol. 2, pp. 380–605). Encyclopædia Britannica.

Baker, J. M. & Sudarsky, L. R. (2018). Gait disorders, Imbalance, and Falls. In J. Larry Jameson & Anthony S. Fauci & Dennis L. Kasper & Stephen L. Hauser & Dan L. Longo & Joseph Loscalzo (20th Eds., Vol. 1), Harrison's principles of internal medicine (pp. 143-147). McGraw-Hill Education. 

de Cabo, Rafael, & Le Couteur, David G. (2018). The Biology of Aging. In J. Larry Jameson & Anthony S. Fauci & Dennis L. Kasper & Stephen L. Hauser & Dan L. Longo & Joseph Loscalzo (20th Eds., Vol. 1), Harrison's principles of internal medicine (pp. 3413–3420). McGraw-Hill Education. 

Hanson, R., & Hanson, F. (2018). Resilient: How to grow an unshakable core of calm, strength, and happiness. Harmony Books.

Ouslander, J. G., & Reyes, B. (2018). Gait disorders, Imbalance, and Falls. In J. Larry Jameson & Anthony S. Fauci & Dennis L. Kasper & Stephen L. Hauser & Dan L. Longo & Joseph Loscalzo (20th Eds., Vol. 1), Harrison's principles of internal medicine (pp. 3420–3438). McGraw-Hill Education. 

Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719–727. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.69.4.719

The Holy Bible: New International Version. (1999). Cornerstone Bible Publishers. (original work published 1973)

Leadership Stratification: From Warrior to Healer to Authentic Influence

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Philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes asserted that competition drives a man to succeed because man's innate desire to assert dominance over his fellow man is the precise engine that powers all his endeavors (Edwards, 1967, p. 463). If that is true and accepted, given the nature of leadership roles in both the military and the healthcare sector, the author, like many other formal leaders, recognizes, from personal experience, that a more social and less iron-fisted (Bass, 2008a, p. 278) approach proved advantageous in the civilian workforce. Because the military leadership style failed to produce follower alignment in the healthcare leadership role previously held, the experience of the military-to-civilian leadership transfer was negative.

The negative experience of leader role transfer is as scholars such as Bass (2008a) detail and explain that when a style of leadership for instance authoritarian, native of Marine Corps management is brought to a new role in the civilian sector and to the extent where the old style of leadership is distastrous and unfavorable in the new role, the greater the adverse effect will be. The leader will need to adapt and implement new ways of organizational influence to effect behavioral change and ultimately achieve the organization's goals. For the author, the latest methods had to be learned through divine wisdom, friendly counsel, ancient philosophy, guided mentorship, and comprehensive interdisciplinary literature reading and personal experience to ultimately be more of an ideal authentic team player as Bass (2008c, p. 36) illuminates the type of leader that is sold out on organizational codes of conduct and standards while aiming at and achieving with purpose what they believe are the right, honest and noble objectives to work towards.

Although it is debatable both experientially and discussed in the leadership literature of effective styles of influence over direct reports, experience comes with a premium tuition. Military-style leadership thrives in the realm of top-down authority and command and control, and methods and techniques adapted, ingrained, and proven effective in military service have become bankrupt in the civilian world of healthcare organizational leadership, becoming, for the author of this blog, painstakingly apparent ex post facto.

For example, as mentioned earlier, as Bass (2008a) indicates, and especially important for veterans, is the need for a less rigid and overbearing presence of style and more of a genial approach, understanding in the civilian workforce where people are employees and not comrades in arms and finally, when exercising direction and instruction to direct reports refrain from expecting unmitigated compliance.

One of the challenges with transitioning from the military to civilian life can be better understood from the wisdom of early-history thought thinkers, who suggest that fundamental human nature is to preserve oneself, or, if put another way, to live self-absorbed, even under the guise of altruistic intention (Edwards, 1996, p. 463). If a person is honest with themselves and considers the 16th-century thinker Thomas Hobbes, whose writings bring a fresh insight like a cool breeze on a warm summer day, one would agree with his statement that at one point in time "men lived upon gross experience" (Hobbes, 1952, p. 267); and as Thomas Aquinas contemplated centuries ago that man has a common struggle between "what I owe to myself and what I owe to others" (Edwards, 1967, p. 463). It is just the experience of learning what worked in the Marines that would not work in the hospital, and becoming cognizant of the self-centered agenda that most veterans undergo, which surpasses their previous training and education, that the author of this blog relearned to adapt, improvise, and overcome new situations.

Whereas military leadership is contrasted with healthcare organization leadership, the parallels are not few. Military training is indispensable for those who may be sent into armed conflict, and the backgrounds, principles, and ways of life it fosters are the lifeblood of today's military (Bass, 2008b). The Marines, however, increase the level of intensity, for it is well known and quite irritating to other branches of the military that the fighting spirit of a US Marine is such that they are insolently convinced that they are better than everyone else (Alexander et al., 1997). Small-unit leadership skills — like the fire team leader in a Marine squad, responsible for four team members — parallel the nurse's role as a primary care provider in the ICU, caring for two critically ill patients. 

The critical care nurse knows and practices to the full extent of their license; they incorporate at each interaction a system of patient assessments, make quick diagnoses of patients' current status, prescribe a plan to care for the patient, and implement and evaluate the effectiveness of physician-ordered medications, treatments, and therapies (Underhill et al., 1982). Healthcare literature experts also emphasize the need for a comprehensive understanding of system challenges and workflow barriers (Bernhardt & Samost, 2025) characteristic of forward-deployed military service and management of the critical hospital patient. In other words, job experience is one of many qualifiers for elevated leadership roles.

The Marine's strength lies in his ability to exercise control of the situation. Reflecting again on the insight from Hobbes —a discourse on the concept of power that men are inclined and drawn to, like iron filings to a magnet — will help shed light. The force is strong such that men use this power purposefully to acquire the means of money, status, and social influence, and to an extent makes his fellow man live in a fearful relationship to him or become totally dependent on him like a babe nursing at the breast (Hobbes, 1952, pp. 71-72). Understanding how this innate function manifests itself is not self-evident.

Most pointedly, as other scholars have documented, what became increasingly apparent through trial and error to the blog author and endorsed are skills in active listening without immediately trying to solve problems, awareness of cultural differences in leader-follower relationships, and adaptation of communication techniques that foster healthy conflict resolution (Bernhardt & Samost, 2025). However, it is not until one undergoes the struggle for influence as a leader in their social and relational connections that they learn that the actual effects of good and bad leadership styles are context-, situation-, and member-dependent.

References:

Alexander, J. H., Horan, D., & Stahl, N. (1997). A fellowship of valor: The battle history of the United States Marines. HarperCollins.

Bass, B. M. (2008a). Transfer and Succession. In The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, & Managerial Applications (4th ed., pp. 875-895). Simon & Schuster.

Bass, B. M. (2008b). Training and Development. In The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, & Managerial Applications (4th ed., pp. 1051-1122). Simon & Schuster.

Bass, B. M. (2008c). Types and Taxonomies. In The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, & Managerial Applications (4th ed., pp. 27-45). Simon & Schuster.

Bernhardt, J. M., & Samost, M. (2025). Transferable nursing skills that support nurse leader development. Nursing Management, 56(7), 44–50. https://doi.org/10.1097/nmg.0000000000000278

Hobbes, T. (1952). Leviathan. In R. M. Hutchins (Ed.), Great books of the Western world (Vol. 23, pp. 41–283). Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Edwards, P. (1967). Egoism & Altruism. In The Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Vol. 2, pp. 462–466). essay, Macmillan Company & the Free Press.

Underhill, S. L., Woods, S. L., Sivarajan, E. S., & Halpenny, C. J. (1982). Cardiac nursing. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.